GMS is applicable to electrodes in next-generation batteries, including all-solid-state, lithium-air, and lithium-sulfur batteries. With GMS, enhanced performance and extended lifespans in next-generation batteries are expected.
Solid-state batteries, which improve the safety of lithium-ion batteries by replacing liquid electrolytes with solid ones, have faced a significant challenge. As the active material repeatedly expands and contracts during charge and discharge cycles, maintaining consistent contact between the solid electrolyte and the active material becomes difficult, leading to increased resistance in battery reactions. By incorporating GMS as a conductive additive within the electrode, the expansion and contraction of the active material can be absorbed, ensuring sustained contact between the solid electrolyte and active material and preventing performance degradation.
Lithium-air batteries are next-generation energy storage devices anticipated to achieve an energy density several times higher than that of lithium-ion batteries. However, rapid degradation of conventional carbon cathodes and electrolytes has severely limited their cycle life. Utilizing GMS in the cathodes of lithium-air batteries enables a significant enhancement in both cycle life and capacity compared to traditional carbon materials such as carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and activated carbon.
Conventional carbon supports have been used in fuel cell electrodes, but these materials have suffered from insufficient high-voltage resistance. Although firing can improve the high-voltage resistance of carbon supports, it significantly reduces their surface area, compromising their ability to effectively disperse catalysts.
GMS is a unique carbon material that maintains its porosity—and thus its high specific surface area—even after firing, while exhibiting exceptional high-voltage resistance. As a result, using GMS as a catalyst support for fuel cells is expected to overcome the limitations associated with conventional supports.
Electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) store energy via physical adsorption, which gives them the advantages of high power output and long lifespan compared to batteries. However, low energy density has been a persistent limitation.
Thanks to its high specific surface area and excellent durability, GMS is ideally suited for EDLC electrodes. By integrating GMS, it’s possible to maintain capacitance while increasing the operating voltage, paving the way for EDLCs with energy densities that far surpass conventional designs.
Producing green hydrogen via water electrolysis is a key element in achieving a decarbonized society. Ideally, the anodes in water electrolysis systems would utilize catalyst supports that combine high-voltage tolerance with excellent conductivity—but such supports have been elusive. While firing conventional carbon supports can enhance their high-voltage resistance, it also drastically reduces their surface area, impairing their ability to effectively disperse catalysts and leading to increased catalyst consumption.
In contrast, GMS is a unique carbon material that retains its porosity—and thus its high specific surface area—even after firing, while exhibiting exceptional high-voltage resistance. As a result, employing GMS as a catalyst support in water electrolysis systems is expected to overcome these challenges.
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